Fig. 1

Comparison of GhABE7.10 and GhABE8e for A-to-G base editing efficiency in cotton. a Sequence comparison of wtTadA, TadA7.10, and TadA8e (V106W). Black boxes and black asterisks mark amino acid sites with differences between wtTadA and TadA7.10; red asterisks mark amino acid sites with differences between TadA7.10 and TadA8e (V106W). b Schematic diagram of the vector element of GhABE7.10 and GhABE8e. GhU6-7, Upland cotton U6 promoter; gRNA, tRNA-20bp target-gRNA; pOsUbi, rice ubiquitin 1 promoter; wtTadA, wild-type E. coli TadA gene; TadA7.10, TadA8e, engineered TadA genes; NLS, nuclear localization signal; NOS, nopaline synthase terminator. c Comparison of adenine editing efficiencies of all A-to-G conversion between GhABE7.10 and GhABE8e within sgRNA1 and sgRNA2 target region by amplicon deep sequencing. Each dot represents the editing efficiency of an independent sample. The dashed line represents the average of the editing efficiency of all samples. d Schematic depiction of the target element of GhABE8e for sgRNA3 to sgRNA11. e Base-editing efficiencies in multiple sites of GhABE8e at sgRNA3-sgRNA7. The base editing efficiency is the percentage of reads with target A•T to G•C substitution in total reads. The edited A site is indicated in red. f Editing windows of GhABE8e at sgRNA8-sgRNA11 in cotton. The middle line of the box represents the median and the bottom and top lines of the box represent the upper and lower quadrilles of the data, respectively. Tail extends to the minimum and maximum of data. g Editing efficiency of GhABE8e + sgRNA8 (left) and GhABE8e + sgRNA11 (right) in T0 and corresponding T1 seedlings