Table 3 Enrichment analysis of genes under balancing selection in both the human and chimpanzee lineages

Pathway (top 15 terms)

 Translocation of ZAP-70 to immunological synapse

6 (18)

1.58E − 09

 Phosphorylation of CD3 and TCR zeta chains

6 (21)

2.20E − 09

 PD-1 signaling

6 (22)

2.20E − 09

 Generation of second messenger molecules

6 (32)

7.94E − 09

 Olfactory transduction

11 (448)

5.21E − 08

 Costimulation by the CD28 family

6 (65)

2.25E − 07

 Asthma

5 (31)

2.83E − 07

 Allograft rejection

5 (38)

6.23E − 07

 Graft-versus-host disease

5 (41)

8.07E − 07

 Interferon gamma signaling

6 (90)

8.19E − 07

Disease (top 15 terms)

 Lymphoma

4 (12)

6.85E − 07

 Nephropathy

4 (19)

2.07E − 06

 Cervical cancer

3 (8)

1.63E − 05

 Alzheimer's disease (late onset)

4 (50)

4.36E − 05

 Systemic sclerosis

3 (17)

9.19E − 05

 Hypothyroidism

3 (34)

5.65E − 04

 Dilated cardiomyopathy

3 (35)

6.03E − 04

 Hepatitis B

2 (7)

1.46E − 03

 Ulcerative colitis

4 (138)

1.64E − 03

 Sjögren’s syndrome

2 (8)

1.67E − 03

Go (top 10 terms with < 500 background genes)

 MHC class II protein complex

6 (15)

1.28E − 09

 Integral component of lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

6 (28)

6.22E − 09

 MHC class II receptor activity

5 (10)

7.08E − 09

 Clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane

6 (32)

7.94E − 09

 Transport vesicle membrane

6 (41)

2.71E − 08

 ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane

6 (53)

8.39E − 08

 Endocytic vesicle membrane

6 (66)

2.28E − 07

 Interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway

6 (71)

2.83E − 07

 Peptide antigen binding

5 (31)

2.83E − 07

 Olfactory receptor activity

10 (427)

2.83E − 07