Fig. 4

Four genes of the brain morphogenesis pathway show signals of positive selection only in noncoding regions in the human lineage. This pathway is significant in the gene-set enrichment analysis, with a corrected p value of 0.0066. Red dots: − log10(p value) of normalized \(\lambda\) values in humans; blue dots: − log10(p value) of normalized \(\lambda\) values in chimpanzees. Top panel: gene structure annotation and identified promoter and enhancers