Fig. 4
From: Differentiated demographic histories and local adaptations between Sherpas and Tibetans
Evidence of gene flow between SHP and TBN subgroups. We performed f 3 tests to detect gene flow events from the TBN subgroup to SHP subgroup (Additional file 1: Figure S23), SHP subgroup to TBN subgroup (Additional file 1: Figure S24), and within SHP subgroups (Additional file 1: Figure S25). The f 3 statistics were significantly negative (with Z score ≤3) for: a f 3(SHP.Zhangmu; TBN.Shigatse, X) when X was assumed as a South Asian population; b f 3(TBN.Nyingchi; SHP.Khumbu, X) when X is an East Asian population; and c f 3(SHP.Zhangmu; SHP.Khumbu, X) when X was South Asians and some Central Asians/Siberians. Results provide evidence for gene flow from South Asians and Nepalese Sherpas to Chinese Sherpas, and from East Asians and Nepalese Sherpas to Tibetans in Nyingchi. **Significantly negative value with Z scores ≤3; *score of 3 < Z ≤ 2. Highlander subgroups are highlighted with red fonts and blue arrows