Figure 1From: The contrasting roles of PPARδ and PPARγ in regulating the metabolic switch between oxidation and storage of fats in white adipose tissueMetabolomic investigation of PPARδ and PPARγ activation in white adipose tissue from ob / ob mice. (a) Chromatogram of GC-MS analysis of the total fatty acid content of white adipose tissue from an ob/ob mouse treated with the PPARδ agonist. Key metabolites are labeled. (b) Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the GC-MS chromatograms from white adipose tissue from control animals (filled squares; n = 8) or those treated with a PPARδ (filled circles; n = 8) (R2(X) = 32%, Q2 = 69%). (c) PLS-DA of the GC-MS chromatograms from white adipose tissue from control animals (filled squares; n = 8) or those treated with the PPARγ agonist (diamonds; n = 8) (R2(X) = 32%, Q2 = 74%). (d) Box whisker plots of key metabolic changes in total fatty acids in white adipose tissue following treatment with either the PPARδ agonist (n = 8) or PPARγ agonist (n = 8). Significant differences were measured by ANOVA followed by a Tukey post-hoc test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.005. (e) Plot of PLS-DA scores showing the clustering of DI-MS negative ionization mode mass spectra run in triplicate from the organic phase of white adipose extracts from ob/ob mice treated with a PPARδ agonist compared with control animals: PPARδ agonist-treated (filled circles; n = 8), control (filled squares; n = 8) (R2(X) = 72%, Q2 = 58%). (f) Plot of PLS-DA scores showing the clustering of DI-MS positive ionization mode mass spectra run in triplicate from the organic phase of white adipose extracts from ob/ob mice treated with a PPARγ agonist compared with control animals: PPARγ agonist-treated (diamonds; n = 8), control (filled squares; n = 8) (R2 = 89%, Q2 = 95%). (g) Key metabolic changes detected by liquid chromatography-MS in blood serum from animals treated with either a PPARδ agonist (n = 8) or PPARγ agonist (n = 8) compared with wild-type controls (n = 8). The metabolite changes demonstrate a restructuring of specific lipid species, particularly phosphatidylcholines (PC) and triacylglycerols (TAG), within the circulating lipid pool of PPARδ and PPARγ agonist-treated mice. The TAG species increased in the PPARδ agonist-treated mice marked in red are decreased in the PPARγ agonist-treated mice marked in blue.Back to article page