The integrins

Table 3 Phenotypes of deletions of integrin subunits in the mouse

Integrin subunit	Viability	Fertility	Phenotype	Reference
α1	+	+	Defects in bone healing and reduced tumor angiogenesis	[36]
α2	+	+	Reduced branching morphogenesis and platelet adhesion	[37]
α3	Perinatal lethal	+	Kidney, lung, and skin defects	[38]
α4	Embryonic lethal	-	Placental and heart defects	[39]
α5	Embryonic lethal	-	Mesodermal and vascular defects	[40]
α6	Perinatal lethal	+	Epidermal detachment, defect in neurogenesis	[41]
α7	+	+	Muscular dystrophy	[42]
α8	Perinatal lethal	+	Kidney defect	[43]
α9	Perinatal lethal	+	Chylothorax (defect in lymphatic drainage)	[44]
αv	Embryonic and perinatal lethal	+	Cerebral hemorrhage	[45]
αM	+	+	Neutrophil adhesion and degranulation	[46]
αL	+	+	Neutrophil emigration	[47]
αD	+	+	Reduced T-cell response and T-cell phenotypic changes	[48]
αE	+	+	Skin inflammation	[49]
β1	Embryonic lethal	-	Fails to gastrulate	[45,50]
β2	+	+	Leukocyte adhesion deficiency	[51]
β3	+	+	Platelet defect	[52]
β4	Perinatal lethal	+	Epidermal detachment	[53]
β5	+	+	Accelerated age-related blindness	[54]
β6	+	+	Inflammation in skin and lungs	[55]
β7	+	+	Gut-associated lymphocyte defects	[56]
β8	Embryonic and perinatal lethal	+	Cerebral hemorrhage	[57]

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