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Table 1 List of the putative PmrAB targets in S. typhimurium

From: In silico identification and experimental validation of PmrAB targets in Salmonella typhimuriumby regulatory motif detection

Name

Description

Score

Instance

Alignment

Footprint

Distribution (COG)

Distribution [38]

Minus strand

       

STM1273

Putative nitric oxide reductase

0.848436

CTTAATGTTTTCTTAAT

/

/

1000

All Salmonella only

STM2132

Pseudogene; frameshift; putative RBS for STM2133

0.814252

TTTTAGATTCACTTAAT

/

/

1000

Some or all Salmonella only

STM4596

Paralog of E. coli ORF, hypothetical protein (AAC73478.1); BLAST hit to putative inner membrane protein

0.806962

TTTAATATTCACTTAAA

/

/

1000

Some Salmonella only

STM3131

Putative cytoplasmic protein; putative RBS for STM3130; putative first gene of operon with STM3130 (putative hypothetical protein)

0.801641

CTTAATTTTTACTTATT

/

/

1000

All Salmonella only

STM1020

Gifsy-2 prophage

0.791616

CTTATTGTTAAGTCAAT

/

/

1000

Other distributions

stdA

STM3029; paralog of E. coli putative fimbrial-like protein (AAC73813.1); BLAST hit to putative fimbrial-like protein

0.788548

CAAAACATTAACTTAAT

/

/

1000

Subspecies 1 only?

ugd

STM2080; S. typhimurium UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase

0.781719

CTCAGAATTAACTTAAT

m

+

1100

All nine genomes

sinR

STM0304; S. typhimurium SINR protein. (SW:SINR_SALTY) transcriptional regulator

0.780204

CTTGATATCATCTTAAT

/

/

 

Subspecies 1 only

STM3131

Putative cytoplasmic protein; putative RBS for STM3130; putative first gene of operon with STM3130; (putative hypothetical protein)

0.772846

CTTAATACTCACATTAT

/

/

1000

Other distributions

STM4413

Putative imidazolonepropionase and related amidohydrolases; putative RBS for STM4412; first gene of operon with STM4412 (D-galactonate transport)

0.771153

GTGAATGTTAAATTAAT

/

/

1000

Some or all Salmonella only

ybdO

STM0606; ortholog of E. coli putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type (AAC73704.1); BLAST hit to putative transcriptional regulator, LysR family

0.769839

CTTAATGTAGAGTTTAT

m

+

1110

All Salmonella only

oraA

STM2828; ortholog of E. coli regulator, OraA protein (AAC75740.1); BLAST hit to regulator

0.766748

CTTGATGGTAATTTAAC

m

-

1110

All nine genomes

sdhC

STM0732; Ortholog of E. coli succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome b556 (AAC73815.1); Putative RBS for sdhD; first gene of putative operon encoding succinate dehydrogenase

0.765950

CTTATTATTCCCTTAAG

/

/

1000

All nine genomes

ycaR

STM0987; Ortholog of E. coli ORF, hypothetical protein (AAC74003.1); BLAST hit to putative inner membrane protein; Putative RBS for kdsB; first gene of a putative operon with ksdB (CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosanate transferase)

0.765889

TTCAATATTAACATAAT

/

/

1000

All nine genomes

lasT

STM4600; Ortholog of E. coli ORF, hypothetical protein (AAC77356.1); BLAST hit to putative tRNA*tRNA methyltransferase

0.765754

ATTTAGGATAATTTAAT

nd

/

1110

All nine genomes

STM2137

Putative cytoplasmic protein

0.764036

TTTAACCTTAATTTAAT

nd

/

1100

Some Salmonella only

STM1672

Putative cytoplasmic protein

0.762904

ATTAATAGTCACTTATT

/

/

1000

Subspecies 1 only?

gcvA

STM2982; Ortholog of E. coli positive regulator of gcv operon (AAC75850.1); first gene of putative operon (gcvA, ygdD, ygdE containing a SAM-dependent methyltransferase)

0.761166

CTTAATGTCGAATGAAT

m

+

1111

All nine genomes

ycgO

STM1801; Ortholog of E. coli ORF, hypothetical protein (AAC74275.1); BLAST hit to putative CPA1 family, Na:H transport protein

0.760685

TTTAACATTAACATAAT

m

+

1110

All nine genomes?

STM2287

Paralog of E. coli putative sulfatase* phosphatase (AAC75329.1); BLAST hit to putative cytoplasmic protein

0.759519

CTTATTATTCACATAAC

/

/

1000

Some or all Salmonella only?

yebW

STM1852; Ortholog of E. coli ORF, hypothetical protein (AAC74907.1); BLAST hit to putative inner membrane lipoprotein

0.754895

CTCAATGTTAACTACTT

/

/

1000

All nine genomes?

STM0897

Hypothetical protein Fels-1 prophage

0.754468

CGTAAGGCTCTTTTAAT

/

/

1000

Some Salmonella only

lpfA

STM3640; S. typhimurium long polar fimbrial protein A precursor; first gene of a putative fimbriae synthesis operon

0.753228

ATTAAGAATAAATTAAT

/

/

1000

Other distributions

Plus strand

       

yjdB*

STM4293; S. typhimurium hypothetical 61.6 kDa protein in basS*pmrA-adiY intergenic region. (SW:YJDB_SALTY) putative integral membrane protein; Putative RBS for basR; first gene of the putative operon (yjdB basR basS)

0.930146

CTTAAGGTTCACTTAAT

m

+

1111

All nine genomes

ugd

STM2080; S. typhimurium UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase

0.913666

CTTAATATTAACTTAAT

m

+

1100

All nine genomes

yfbE/ais

STM2297; Ortholog of E. coli putative enzyme (AAC75313.1); first gene of the yfbE operon; shared intergenic with ais

0.912660

CTTAATGTTAATTTAAT

m

+

1111

All nine genomes?

STM1269*/STM1268

Putative chorismate mutase; intergenic shared with STM1268

0.888478

CTTAATGTTATCTTAAT

/

/

1000

All Salmonella only

STM0692

Paralog of E. coli nitrogen assimilation control protein (AAC75050.1); putative transcriptional regulator, LysR family

0.814773

CTTGATGTTGATTTAAT

/

/

1000

All Salmonella only

ybjG/mdfA*

STM0865; Ortholog of E. coli orf, hypothetical protein (AAC73928.1); putative permease; intergenic shared with mdfA (multidrug translocase)

0.810981

CTTTAAGGTTAATTTAA

m

+

1111

All nine genomes

STM2901

Hypothetical protein putative cytoplasmic protein; located downstream of pathogenicity island 1

0.803712

CTTAATATCAATATAAT

/

/

1000

Other distributions

yhjC/yhjB

STM3607; Ortholog of E. coli putative transcriptional regulator LysR-type (AAC76546.1); intergenic shared with yhjB (putative transcriptional regulator)

0.796967

TTGAATATTAATTTAAT

nd

/

1110

All nine genomes?

yjbE/pgi

STM4222; Ortholog of E. coli orf, hypothetical protein (AAC76996.1); BLAST hit to putative outer membrane protein; first gene of the putative operon (yjbE, yjbF, yjbG, yjbH) consisting of putative outer membrane (lipo)proteins; intergenic shared with pgi (glucosephosphate isomerase)

0.791181

TTTAATTTTAACTTATT

/

/

1000

All nine genomes?

yibD*

STM3707; Ortholog of E. coli putative regulator (AAC76639.1); BLAST hit to putative glycosyltransferase

0.790879

CTTAATAGTTTCTTAAT

m

+

1100

Other distributions

STM1926/flhC

Putative cytoplasmic protein Putative RBS for STM1926; first gene of a putative operon with yecG (putative universal stres protein); shared intergenic with flhC en flhD (flagellar transcriptional activator)

0.790699

CCTAATGTTCACTTTTT

/

/

1000

Some or all Salmonella only

STM0334/STM0335

Putative cytoplasmic protein; shared intergenic with STM0335

0.789514

TTTCATATTCATTTAAT

/

/

1000

Some Salmonella only

ybdN

STM0605; Ortholog of E. coli orf, hypothetical protein (AAC73703.1); BLAST hit to putative 3-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase (PAPS reductase)*FAD synthetase Putative RBS for ybdM; first gene of a putative operon with ybdM (hypothetical transcriptional regulator)

0.788778

ATTAATATAAATTTAAT

nd

/

1100

All nine genomes?

glgB

STM3538; Ortholog of E. coli 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme (AAC76457.1); BLAST hit to 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme; Putative RBS for glgX; putative first gene of operon involved in glycogen synthesis

0.779808

TTTAAGGGTAGCTTAAT

m

-

1111

All nine genomes

leuO

STM0115; S. typhimurium probable activator protein in leuabcd operon. (SW:LEUO_SALTY) putative transcriptional regulator (LysR family)

0.776490

ATTAATGTTAACTTTTT

m

-

1111

All nine genomes

STM0343

Paralog of E. coli orf, hypothetical protein (AAC75237.1); BLAST hit to AAC75237.1 identity in aa 10 - 512 putative Diguanylate cyclase*phosphodiesterase domain

0.774271

ATTAATGTTACTTTAGT

nd

/

1100

Subspecies 1 only

orf242

STM1390 S. typhimurium ORF242 (gi|4456866) putative regulatory proteins, merR family

0.773644

CTTAGTCTTCATTTGAT

/

/

1000

Other distributions

STM1868A/mig-3

Lytic enzyme; intergenic shared with mig-3 (phage assembly protein)

0.773462

CTTAATGATTATTTATT

/

/

1000

?

STM2763/STM2726

Paralog of E. coli prophage CP4-57 integrase (AAC75670.1); BLAST hit to putative integrase; intergenic shared with STM2726 (putative inner membrane)

0.772053

ATTAATGTCCATTTAGT

/

/

1000

S. typhimurium only

pntA

STM1479; Ortholog of E. coli pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, alpha subunit (AAC74675.1); Blast hit to AAC74675.1 pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase (proton pump), alpha subunit; Putative RBS for pntB; first gene of the putative operon (pntA, pntB)

0.770547

TTTAATGTTAATTTCTT

m

-

1111

All nine genomes

STM0057/cit2

Putative citrate-sodium symport; intergenic shared with citC2 (citrate lyase synthetase)

0.767968

CTCATGGTTCATTGAAT

nd

/

1110

Other distributions

yrbF

STM3313; Ortholog of E. coli putative ATP-binding component of a transport system (AAC76227.1); Blast hit to AAC76227.1 putative ABC superfamily (atp_bind) transport protein; Putative RBS for yrbE; RegulonDB:STMS1H003330; first gene of putative yrb operon (ABC transporter)

0.766758

CCTAATTTTGACTTTAT

m

+

1111

All nine genomes

yejG

STM2220; Paralog of E. coli orf, hypothetical protein (AAC75242.1); Blast hit to putative cytoplasmic protein

0.767099

CTTTATGTTTATTTTAT

m

+

1111

All nine genomes

slsA

STM3761; putative inner membrane protein

0.765418

CTTTATGTTATTTAAAT

nd

/

1110

Other distributions

yhcN

STM3361; Ortholog of E. coli orf, hypothetical protein (AAC76270.1); Blast hit to putative outer membrane protein

0.764452

ATTAGTGTATACTTAAT

m

+

1111

All nine genomes?

yceP

STM1161; Ortholog of E. coli orf, hypothetical protein (AAC74144.1); Blast hit to putative cytoplasmic protein

0.764191

TTTATTGTTCATATAAT

m

+

1100

All nine genomes

STM4098

putative arylsulfate sulfotransferase

0.763003

TCTAATATTTATTTAAT

nd

/

1100

Subspecies 1 only?

stfA

STM0195; S. typhimurium major fimbrial subunit StfA

0.762241

ATCAATTTTAATTTAAT

/

/

1000

Some Salmonella only

atpF

STM3869; Ortholog of E. coli membrane-bound ATP synthase, F0 sector, subunit b (AAC76759.1); Blast hit to imembrane-bound ATP synthase, F0 sector, subunit b; Putative RBS for atpH; first gene of a putative operon encoding putative ATP synthase

0.760841

CAGAAGGTTAACTAGAT

m

+

1111

All nine genomes

yegH/wza

STM2119; Ortholog of E. coli putative transport protein (AAC75124.1); Blast hit to putative inner membrane protein; intergenic shared with wza (putative polysaccharide export protein)

0.760004

ATTAATATTAAATGAAT

m

-

1111

All nine genomes

yjgD/argI

STM4470; S. typhimurium hypothetical protein in argI-miaE intergenic region (ORF15.6). (SW:YJGD_SALTY) putative cytoplasmic protein; Putative binding site for ArgR; shared intergenic regions with argI (arginine ornithine transferase); first gene of a putative operon with miaE (tRNA hydroxylase)

0.759514

ATTAAAATTCACTTTAT

m

+

1111

All nine genomes

sseJ/STM1630*

STM1631; S. typhimurium secreted effector; regulated by SPI-2; shared intergenic with STM1630 (putative inner membrane protein)

0.758303

CTTAAGAAATATTTAAT

/

/

1000

Some Salmonella only

csrA

STM2826; S. typhimurium carbon storage regulator

0.756990

CTTAGGTTTAACAGAAT

m

+

1111

All nine genomes

dinP/yafK

STM0313; Ortholog of E. coli damage-inducible protein P; putative tRNA synthetase (AAC73335.1); Blast hit to AAC73335.1 DNA polymerase IV, devoid of proofreading, damage-inducible protein P; intergenic shared with yafKJ (periplasmic protein, putative amido transferase)

0.756938

CATACTGTACACTTAAA

m

+

1111

All nine genomes

STM0346

Putative outer membrane protein; Homolog of ail and ompX

0.756369

CATTAGGTGCTCTTAAT

/

/

1000

Some Salmonella only

ybfA/STM0707

STM0708; Ortholog of E. coli orf, hypothetical protein (AAC73793.1); Blast hit to putative periplasmic protein; intergenic shared with STM0707 (hypothetical protein)

0.754265

ATTAGTATTAATTTAAC

m

+

1111

All nine genomes?

yncD/STM1587

STM1587; Ortholog of E. coli putative outer membrane receptor for iron transport (AAC74533.1); Blast hit to paral putative outer membrane receptor; intergenic shared with STM1586 (putative receptor)

0.754063

CATTTTCTTAACTTAAT

m

-

1100

All nine genomes

yafC/STM0275

STM0256; Ortholog of E. coli putative transcriptional regulator LysR-type (AAC73313.1); Blast hit to putative transcriptional regulator, LysR family; intergenic shared STM0275 (drug efflux protein)

0.753257

CAAAATATCAATTTAAT

m

-

1111

Other distributions

  1. Name: name of the gene in the S. typhimurium genome (NC_003197). For genes that are divergently transcribed and have a shared intergenic region, the gene for which the motif is detected on the plus strand is indicated first and the gene for which the motif is on the minus strand is indicated after the slash. Description: annotation of the encoded proteins and genome location of the genes (derived from GenBank and Sanger annotation). Score: normalized score assigned to the respective motifs by MotifLocator. Site: instance of the motif as detected in the respective intergenic sequence. Distribution (COG): distribution of the protein as determined by our analysis. The distribution is indicated by a binary profile that indicates the presence 1 versus absence 0 of the protein in species (serovars) of, respectively, Salmonella, E. coli, Shigella and Yersinia (for example, 1111 indicates protein present in all four species; 1000: protein present in Salmonella species only). Distribution: distribution of the protein encoded by the corresponding gene in nine bacterial genomes as determined by McClelland et al. [38]. Proteins having close homologs in at least one Salmonella strain but not in E. coli or K. pneumoniae are indicated by 'some Salmonella only'. Genes that contain close homologs in all genomes are indicated by 'all nine genomes'. Other combinations are indicated by 'other distributions'. ? indicates that the authors were not certain about the statement. Differences between the distribution as determined by McClelland et al. and the one determined by our analysis is due to the difference in selection criteria used to identify close homologs (see Materials and methods). Alignment: indicates whether the intergenic regions in the dataset could be locally aligned (nd, no local alignment detected that contained the original sequence of S. typhimurium; m, local alignment detected. If the dataset only contained homologs from Salmonella species, local alignments were considered noninformative (indicated by /)). Footprint: denotes whether the PmrA motif is conserved in the close homologs. +, the retrieved putative PmrA motif is conserved; -, the intergenic sequences of the orthologs could be locally aligned but the PmrA motif was not part of the conserved regions. Most promising PmrAB targets that contained a PmrA motif matching the PmrA consensus (Figure 4) are in bold face. PmrA motifs that are experimentally validated in this study are indicated by an asterisk.